The pre-history of Kenneth Arrow's social choice and individual values
نویسنده
چکیده
The purpose of this article is to give an historical sense of the intellectual developments that determined the form and content of Kenneth Arrow’s pathbreaking work published in 1951. One aspect deals with personal influences that helped shape Arrow’s own thinking. A second aspect is concerned with the early history of the general theory of relations, which is mainly centered in the nineteenth century, and also with the essentially independent modern development of the axiomatic method in the same time period. Arrow’s use of general binary relations and of axiomatic methods to ground, in a clear mathematical way, his impossibility theorem marks a turning point in welfare economics, and, more generally, in mathematical economics. 1 Some foundational remarks on the history of ordinal utility We can begin with a well-known quotation from Hicks and Allen (1934). Of all Pareto’s contributions there is probably none that exceeds in importance his demonstration of the immeasurability of utility. To most earlier writers, to Marshall, to Walras, to Edgeworth, utility had been a quantity theoretically measurable; that is to say, a quantity which would be measurable if we had enough facts. Pareto definitely abandoned this, and replaced the concept of utility by the concept of a scale of preferences. It is not always observed that this change in concepts was not merely a change of view, a pure matter of methodology; it rested on a positive demonstration that the facts of observable conduct make a scale of preferences capable of theoretical construction (in the same sense as above) but they do not enable us to proceed from the scale of preference to a particular utitlity function. Hicks and Allen 1934, p. 52 P. Suppes (*) Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Ventura Hall, Stanford, CA 94305-4115, USA E-mail: [email protected] Soc Choice Welfare 25:319–326 (2005)
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Social Choice and Welfare
دوره 25 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005